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What type of costs would be included in carrying costs?

  1. Costs associated with employee salaries

  2. Costs related to shipping products

  3. Costs for storing and maintaining inventory

  4. Costs of direct material purchases

The correct answer is: Costs for storing and maintaining inventory

Carrying costs, also known as holding costs, encompass the expenses related to storing and maintaining inventory over a period of time. This includes a variety of factors such as warehousing costs, insurance, depreciation, and obsolescence, as well as the opportunity cost of the capital tied up in inventory. These costs can significantly influence inventory management decisions and overall financial performance. The inclusion of costs associated with employee salaries or direct material purchases falls into different categories of operational expenses and does not specifically pertain to the holding of inventory itself. Similarly, shipping costs are related to the movement of products rather than the ongoing costs of holding inventory. Thus, the focus on costs related to storing and maintaining inventory accurately reflects the nature of carrying costs.